Class 6 · Chapter 4

Basic Geometrical Ideas

Points, lines, line segments, rays, angles, triangles, polygons and circles.

Read the full chapter
Tip: open the NCERT PDF for the original chapter text alongside the notes here.
Detailed theory
Point: has position, no size. Line: extends infinitely both ways. Line segment: portion of a line with two endpoints. Ray: starts at one point, extends in one direction.
Key concepts & formulas
01
A line has no end points; a segment has two; a ray has one.
02
An angle is formed by two rays with a common vertex.
03
A polygon is a simple closed figure made of line segments.
04
The number of diagonals in an nn-gon is n(n3)2\dfrac{n(n-3)}{2}.
05
A circle is the set of points equidistant from a fixed centre.
Gyaan Maths — CBSE Class 6-10, built for board-toppers.
v1.1 · Feb 2026